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Communism
Communism refers to a theoretical system of social organization and a
political movement based on common ownership of the means of production. As a
political movement, communism seeks to establish a classless society. A major
force in world politics since the early 20th century, modern communism is
generally associated with The Communist Manifesto of Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels, according to which the capitalist profit-based system of private
ownership is replaced by a communist society in which the means of production
are communally owned. This process, initiated by the revolutionary overthrow of
the bourgeoisie (see Marxism), passes through a transitional period marked by
the preparatory stage of socialism (see Leninism). Pure Communism has never been
implemented, it remains theoretical: Communism is, in Marxist theory, the
end-state, or the result of state-socialism. The word is now mainly understood
to refer to the political, economic, and social theory of Marxist thinkers, or
life under conditions of Communist party rule.
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